February 12, 2001

The readings for this class were:

• Whitney, Chapters 3 and 4
• The Function of Language Classifications in Behavior by Carroll and Casagrande (on reserve).

The outline for the class is:

1. Announcements
2. Questions
3. Memory Structures
   • Processing capacity (Miller, 1956)
     B M W C I A I B M N F L P T A A B C
   • STM and LTM
     • Modal model, Atkinson & Shiffrin
     • Baddeley model
     • generalized LTM with neural associates
   • Networks
     • hierarchical network models (Collins & Quillian example)
     • semantic features models (LNR research group, Schank)
     • spreading activation models (Anderson, Collins & Loftus)
     • connectionist (McClelland & Rumelhart example)
   • Random walks
     In search of the engram by Karl S. Lashley, 1950, Society of Experimental Biology Symposium no. 4, Cambridge University Press, London.
     Memory without organization: Properties of a model with random storage and undirected retrieval by Thomas K. Landauer, 1975, Cognitive Psychology, 7(4):495-531.
   • example from George Kiss (1973)
4. Dual-coding theory
5. Sapir-Whorf
   • codability and focus
     [black, white] [red] [yellow, blue, green] [brown] [purple, pink, orange, gray]
     [brightness] [red, green, blue] [combinations of these three]
   • Carroll and Casagrande studies

Digressions/Miscellaneous

• Main Neuroscience Map, look especially at "memory"
• Dr. Annette Taylor (U. San Diego), Biological Bases of Memory notes
• Eidetic imagery

Overhead Notes

1. The dog jumped over the fence

2. S -> NP, VP
   NP -> det, N
   VP -> V, PP
   PP -> prep, NP
   N -> dog, cat, boy, fence, man, ...
   V -> jumped, climbed, ...
   Prep -> over, around, ...
   det -> a, an, the, ...
   
   S -> NP, VP
     -> det, N, VP
     -> the, cat, VP
     -> the, cat, climbed, PP
    ...
     -> the, cat, climbed, over, the, boy
   

3. Tachistoscope, T-scope
   F. C. Bartlett, "Remembering"
   semantic verification task - An S is a P
4. Semantic features: defining, characteristic
5. Fodor et. al.: 3 components to lexicon entry
   syntactic marker, semantic marker, distinguisher
   example of entry for "bachelor"
6. "Just because the brain looks like a bowl of porridge doesn't mean that it is a serial processor." M. Arbib
7. strong v. weak form of determinism
   lexical v. grammatical elements

Parting Thoughts

• Next class will be catch-up, review & discussion.
• The last portion of next class will be Exam #1.

Self-test Questions