McCollough Effect

The McCollough Effect was originally described by Celeste McCollough in a paper, Color adaptation of edge detectors in the human visual system, 1965, Science, 149:1115-1116. It has been the focus of investigation ever since. The precise cause of the effect is unknown, though it is known that there are neurotransmitters involved and the effect probably takes place early in the processing stage of visual information.

The effect typically lasts for hours, even overnight. The duration of the effect can be changed by consumption of coffee (and psychoactive drugs). One report claims it is stronger in extroverts than introverts.

To experience the effect, spend the next five minutes gazing at the image of two colored grids on the next page. You need not focus on any one spot but it is suggested that you vary your focus from the left to the right grid and back again over this test period.

adaptation grids

Then, look at the next pair of grids. These are black and white grids, not colored grids. But they will be perceived as colored grids as a result of the McCollough Effect. The intensity of the effect will vary between individuals. You can make the effect more intense by returning to the adaptation grids for a period of time.

test grids

The effect is not a simple after image effect. If it were such an effect, then it would not be dependent upon the orientation of the grid lines, nor their spatial frequency. In addition, a simple after effect due to the fatigue of specific color receptors should fade. But if you return to these grids the next day, you might very well still see the effect.

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Comments to author: David Bozak
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Revised: March 5, 2001
URL: http://www.cs.oswego.edu/~dab/310/classes/me.html