1990-1994 :

• Equivalent of Ph.D. in Computer Science, University René Descartes-Paris V, thesis advisor Professor Norbert Cot. Defense, September 8th 1994 (with Very High Honors), title "Incremental Concept Learning in a Dynamic Memory : Case-based Reasoning Adaptive to Cognitive Tasks", board of examiners Daniel Kayser (president), Yves Kodratoff and Amédéo Napoli (recorders), Norbert Cot (director), Julien Guelfi and Brigitte Trousse (examiners) ;

 1990-1993 :

• Allocataire d'Enseignement et de Recherche (Université René Descartes-Paris V) :
  French Ministry of Higher Education and Research fellowship ;

 1990-1993 :

• Pre-clinical medical studies at Paris Pitié-Salpétrière Medical Faculty ;

1989-1990 :

• D.E.A. Intelligence Artificielle Reconnaissance des Formes et Applications (Universities Paris V / Paris VI / Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées) :
  Equivalent to first year of Ph.D. from the universities Paris V, Paris VI and ENPC, in Artificial Intelligence (with Very High Honors) with the following introductory research modules :
  - Knowledge Representation (Professor Norbert Cot) ;
  - Artificial Intelligence (Professor Monique Baron) ;
  - Logic and Computer Science (Professor René Lalement). Design and realization of a PROLOG interpreter on finite domains, programmed in LISP  ;
  - Smalltalk (Professor Jean-François Perrot)  ;
  - 3 months practicum at the DIAM of INSERM U194 ; DEA thesis "ALEXIA: un système de résolution de problèmes par analogie utilisant une mémoire des exemples méta-indexée par un modèle causal appliqué à la détermination de l'étiologie de l'H.T.A." ("ALEXIA : an Analogical Problem-solver Using an Examples Memory Meta-indexed by a Causal Physio-pathological Model Applied to High-blood Pressure Etiology") (Director Brigitte Séroussi)  ;